President Barbicane's Communication

: From The Earth To The Moon

On the 5th of October, at eight p.m., a dense crowd pressed

toward the saloons of the Gun Club at No. 21 Union Square.

All the members of the association resident in Baltimore attended

the invitation of their president. As regards the corresponding

members, notices were delivered by hundreds throughout the streets

of the city, and, large as was the great hall, it was quite

inadequate to accommodate the crowd of savant
. They overflowed

into the adjoining rooms, down the narrow passages, into the

outer courtyards. There they ran against the vulgar herd who

pressed up to the doors, each struggling to reach the front ranks,

all eager to learn the nature of the important communication of

President Barbicane; all pushing, squeezing, crushing with that

perfect freedom of action which is so peculiar to the masses when

educated in ideas of "self-government."



On that evening a stranger who might have chanced to be in

Baltimore could not have gained admission for love or money into

the great hall. That was reserved exclusively for resident or

corresponding members; no one else could possibly have obtained

a place; and the city magnates, municipal councilors, and

"select men" were compelled to mingle with the mere townspeople

in order to catch stray bits of news from the interior.



Nevertheless the vast hall presented a curious spectacle.

Its immense area was singularly adapted to the purpose.

Lofty pillars formed of cannon, superposed upon huge mortars as a

base, supported the fine ironwork of the arches, a perfect piece

of cast-iron lacework. Trophies of blunderbuses, matchlocks,

arquebuses, carbines, all kinds of firearms, ancient and modern,

were picturesquely interlaced against the walls. The gas lit

up in full glare myriads of revolvers grouped in the form of

lustres, while groups of pistols, and candelabra formed of

muskets bound together, completed this magnificent display

of brilliance. Models of cannon, bronze castings, sights covered

with dents, plates battered by the shots of the Gun Club,

assortments of rammers and sponges, chaplets of shells, wreaths

of projectiles, garlands of howitzers-- in short, all the

apparatus of the artillerist, enchanted the eye by this

wonderful arrangement and induced a kind of belief that their

real purpose was ornamental rather than deadly.



At the further end of the saloon the president, assisted by four

secretaries, occupied a large platform. His chair, supported by

a carved gun-carriage, was modeled upon the ponderous proportions

of a 32-inch mortar. It was pointed at an angle of ninety degrees,

and suspended upon truncheons, so that the president could balance

himself upon it as upon a rocking-chair, a very agreeable fact in

the very hot weather. Upon the table (a huge iron plate supported

upon six carronades) stood an inkstand of exquisite elegance, made

of a beautifully chased Spanish piece, and a sonnette, which, when

required, could give forth a report equal to that of a revolver.

During violent debates this novel kind of bell scarcely sufficed

to drown the clamor of these excitable artillerists.



In front of the table benches arranged in zigzag form, like the

circumvallations of a retrenchment, formed a succession of

bastions and curtains set apart for the use of the members of

the club; and on this especial evening one might say, "All the

world was on the ramparts." The president was sufficiently well

known, however, for all to be assured that he would not put his

colleagues to discomfort without some very strong motive.



Impey Barbicane was a man of forty years of age, calm, cold,

austere; of a singularly serious and self-contained demeanor,

punctual as a chronometer, of imperturbable temper and immovable

character; by no means chivalrous, yet adventurous withal, and

always bringing practical ideas to bear upon the very rashest

enterprises; an essentially New Englander, a Northern colonist,

a descendant of the old anti-Stuart Roundheads, and the

implacable enemy of the gentlemen of the South, those ancient

cavaliers of the mother country. In a word, he was a Yankee to

the backbone.



Barbicane had made a large fortune as a timber merchant.

Being nominated director of artillery during the war, he proved

himself fertile in invention. Bold in his conceptions, he

contributed powerfully to the progress of that arm and gave an

immense impetus to experimental researches.



He was personage of the middle height, having, by a rare

exception in the Gun Club, all his limbs complete. His strongly

marked features seemed drawn by square and rule; and if it be

true that, in order to judge a man's character one must look at



his profile, Barbicane, so examined, exhibited the most certain

indications of energy, audacity, and sang-froid.



At this moment he was sitting in his armchair, silent, absorbed,

lost in reflection, sheltered under his high-crowned hat-- a

kind of black cylinder which always seems firmly screwed upon

the head of an American.



Just when the deep-toned clock in the great hall struck eight,

Barbicane, as if he had been set in motion by a spring, raised

himself up. A profound silence ensued, and the speaker, in a

somewhat emphatic tone of voice, commenced as follows:



"My brave, colleagues, too long already a paralyzing peace has

plunged the members of the Gun Club in deplorable inactivity.

After a period of years full of incidents we have been compelled

to abandon our labors, and to stop short on the road of progress.

I do not hesitate to state, baldly, that any war which would

recall us to arms would be welcome!" (Tremendous applause!)

"But war, gentlemen, is impossible under existing circumstances;

and, however we may desire it, many years may elapse before our

cannon shall again thunder in the field of battle. We must make

up our minds, then, to seek in another train of ideas some field

for the activity which we all pine for."



The meeting felt that the president was now approaching the

critical point, and redoubled their attention accordingly.



"For some months past, my brave colleagues," continued

Barbicane, "I have been asking myself whether, while confining

ourselves to our own particular objects, we could not enter upon

some grand experiment worthy of the nineteenth century; and

whether the progress of artillery science would not enable us to

carry it out to a successful issue. I have been considering,

working, calculating; and the result of my studies is the conviction

that we are safe to succeed in an enterprise which to any other

country would appear wholly impracticable. This project, the result

of long elaboration, is the object of my present communication.

It is worthy of yourselves, worthy of the antecedents of the Gun

Club; and it cannot fail to make some noise in the world."



A thrill of excitement ran through the meeting.



Barbicane, having by a rapid movement firmly fixed his hat upon

his head, calmly continued his harangue:



"There is no one among you, my brave colleagues, who has not

seen the Moon, or, at least, heard speak of it. Don't be

surprised if I am about to discourse to you regarding the Queen

of the Night. It is perhaps reserved for us to become the

Columbuses of this unknown world. Only enter into my plans, and

second me with all your power, and I will lead you to its

conquest, and its name shall be added to those of the thirty-six

states which compose this Great Union."



"Three cheers for the Moon!" roared the Gun Club, with one voice.



"The moon, gentlemen, has been carefully studied," continued

Barbicane; "her mass, density, and weight; her constitution,

motions, distance, as well as her place in the solar system,

have all been exactly determined. Selenographic charts have

been constructed with a perfection which equals, if it does not

even surpass, that of our terrestrial maps. Photography has

given us proofs of the incomparable beauty of our satellite; all

is known regarding the moon which mathematical science,

astronomy, geology, and optics can learn about her. But up to

the present moment no direct communication has been established

with her."



A violent movement of interest and surprise here greeted this

remark of the speaker.



"Permit me," he continued, "to recount to you briefly how

certain ardent spirits, starting on imaginary journeys, have

penetrated the secrets of our satellite. In the seventeenth

century a certain David Fabricius boasted of having seen with

his own eyes the inhabitants of the moon. In 1649 a Frenchman,

one Jean Baudoin, published a `Journey performed from the Earth

to the Moon by Domingo Gonzalez,' a Spanish adventurer. At the

same period Cyrano de Bergerac published that celebrated

`Journeys in the Moon' which met with such success in France.

Somewhat later another Frenchman, named Fontenelle, wrote `The

Plurality of Worlds,' a chef-d'oeuvre of its time. About 1835

a small treatise, translated from the New York American, related

how Sir John Herschel, having been despatched to the Cape of

Good Hope for the purpose of making there some astronomical

calculations, had, by means of a telescope brought to perfection

by means of internal lighting, reduced the apparent distance of

the moon to eighty yards! He then distinctly perceived caverns

frequented by hippopotami, green mountains bordered by golden

lace-work, sheep with horns of ivory, a white species of deer

and inhabitants with membranous wings, like bats. This brochure,

the work of an American named Locke, had a great sale. But, to

bring this rapid sketch to a close, I will only add that a

certain Hans Pfaal, of Rotterdam, launching himself in a balloon

filled with a gas extracted from nitrogen, thirty-seven times

lighter than hydrogen, reached the moon after a passage of

nineteen hours. This journey, like all previous ones, was purely

imaginary; still, it was the work of a popular American author--

I mean Edgar Poe!"



"Cheers for Edgar Poe!" roared the assemblage, electrified by

their president's words.



"I have now enumerated," said Barbicane, "the experiments which

I call purely paper ones, and wholly insufficient to establish

serious relations with the Queen of the Night. Nevertheless, I

am bound to add that some practical geniuses have attempted to

establish actual communication with her. Thus, a few days ago,

a German geometrician proposed to send a scientific expedition

to the steppes of Siberia. There, on those vast plains, they

were to describe enormous geometric figures, drawn in characters

of reflecting luminosity, among which was the proposition

regarding the `square of the hypothenuse,' commonly called the

`Ass's Bridge' by the French. `Every intelligent being,' said

the geometrician, `must understand the scientific meaning of

that figure. The Selenites, do they exist, will respond by a

similar figure; and, a communication being thus once

established, it will be easy to form an alphabet which shall

enable us to converse with the inhabitants of the moon.' So

spoke the German geometrician; but his project was never put

into practice, and up to the present day there is no bond

in existence between the Earth and her satellite. It is

reserved for the practical genius of Americans to establish a

communication with the sidereal world. The means of arriving

thither are simple, easy, certain, infallible-- and that is the

purpose of my present proposal."



A storm of acclamations greeted these words. There was not a

single person in the whole audience who was not overcome,

carried away, lifted out of himself by the speaker's words!



Long-continued applause resounded from all sides.



As soon as the excitement had partially subsided, Barbicane

resumed his speech in a somewhat graver voice.



"You know," said he, "what progress artillery science has made

during the last few years, and what a degree of perfection

firearms of every kind have reached. Moreover, you are well

aware that, in general terms, the resisting power of cannon and

the expansive force of gunpowder are practically unlimited.

Well! starting from this principle, I ask myself whether,

supposing sufficient apparatus could be obtained constructed

upon the conditions of ascertained resistance, it might not be

possible to project a shot up to the moon?"



At these words a murmur of amazement escaped from a thousand

panting chests; then succeeded a moment of perfect silence,

resembling that profound stillness which precedes the bursting

of a thunderstorm. In point of fact, a thunderstorm did peal

forth, but it was the thunder of applause, or cries, and of

uproar which made the very hall tremble. The president

attempted to speak, but could not. It was fully ten minutes

before he could make himself heard.



"Suffer me to finish," he calmly continued. "I have looked at

the question in all its bearings, I have resolutely attacked it,

and by incontrovertible calculations I find that a projectile

endowed with an initial velocity of 12,000 yards per second, and

aimed at the moon, must necessarily reach it. I have the honor,

my brave colleagues, to propose a trial of this little experiment."



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