If however the Reader will take the trouble to refer to the passage in

which Recognition by Feeling is stated to be universal, he will find

this qualification--"among the lower classes." It is only among the

higher classes and in our more temperate climates that Sight

Recognition is practised.



That this power exists in any regions and for any classes is the result

of Fog; which prevails during the greater part of the year in all parts

save the torrid zones. That which is with you in Spaceland an unmixed

evil, blotting out the landscape, depressing the spirits, and

enfeebling the health, is by us recognized as a blessing scarcely

inferior to air itself, and as the Nurse of arts and Parent of

sciences. But let me explain my meaning, without further eulogies on

this beneficent Element.



If Fog were non-existent, all lines would appear equally and

indistinguishably clear; and this is actually the case in those unhappy

countries in which the atmosphere is perfectly dry and transparent.

But wherever there is a rich supply of Fog, objects that are at a

distance, say of three feet, are appreciably dimmer than those at the

distance of two feet eleven inches; and the result is that by careful

and constant experimental observation of comparative dimness and

clearness, we are enabled to infer with great exactness the

configuration of the object observed.



An instance will do more than a volume of generalities to make my

meaning clear.



Suppose I see two individuals approaching whose rank I wish to

ascertain. They are, we will suppose, a Merchant and a Physician, or

in other words, an Equilateral Triangle and a Pentagon; how am I to

distinguish them?



It will be obvious, to every child in Spaceland who has touched the

threshold of Geometrical Studies, that, if I can bring my eye so that

its glance may bisect an angle (A) of the approaching stranger, my view

will lie as it were evenly between the two sides that are next to me

(viz. CA and AB), so that I shall contemplate the two impartially, and

both will appear of the same size.



Now in the case of (1) the Merchant, what shall I see? I shall see a

straight line DAE, in which the middle point (A) will be very bright

because it is nearest to me; but on either side the line will shade

away RAPIDLY TO DIMNESS, because the sides AC and AB RECEDE RAPIDLY

INTO THE FOG and what appear to me as the Merchant's extremities, viz.

D and E, will be VERY DIM INDEED.



On the other hand in the case of (2) the Physician, though I shall here

also see a line (D'A'E') with a bright centre (A'), yet it will shade

away LESS RAPIDLY to dimness, because the sides (A'C', A'B') RECEDE

LESS RAPIDLY INTO THE FOG: and what appear to me the Physician's

extremities, viz. D' and E', will not be NOT SO DIM as the extremities

of the Merchant.



The Reader will probably understand from these two instances how--after

a very long training supplemented by constant experience--it is

possible for the well-educated classes among us to discriminate with

fair accuracy between the middle and lowest orders, by the sense of

sight. If my Spaceland Patrons have grasped this general conception,

so far as to conceive the possibility of it and not to reject my

account as altogether incredible--I shall have attained all I can

reasonably expect. Were I to attempt further details I should only

perplex. Yet for the sake of the young and inexperienced, who may

perchance infer--from the two simple instances I have given above, of

the manner in which I should recognize my Father and my Sons--that

Recognition by sight is an easy affair, it may be needful to point out

that in actual life most of the problems of Sight Recognition are far

more subtle and complex.



If for example, when my Father, the Triangle, approaches me, he happens

to present his side to me instead of his angle, then, until I have

asked him to rotate, or until I have edged my eye around him, I am for

the moment doubtful whether he may not be a Straight Line, or, in other

words, a Woman. Again, when I am in the company of one of my two

hexagonal Grandsons, contemplating one of his sides (AB) full front, it

will be evident from the accompanying diagram that I shall see one

whole line (AB) in comparative brightness (shading off hardly at all at

the ends) and two smaller lines (CA and BD) dim throughout and shading

away into greater dimness towards the extremities C and D.



But I must not give way to the temptation of enlarging on these topics.

The meanest mathematician in Spaceland will readily believe me when I

assert that the problems of life, which present themselves to the

well-educated--when they are themselves in motion, rotating, advancing

or retreating, and at the same time attempting to discriminate by the

sense of sight between a number of Polygons of high rank moving in

different directions, as for example in a ball-room or

conversazione--must be of a nature to task the angularity of the most

intellectual, and amply justify the rich endowments of the Learned

Professors of Geometry, both Static and Kinetic, in the illustrious

University of Wentbridge, where the Science and Art of Sight

Recognition are regularly taught to large classes of the ELITE of the

States.



It is only a few of the scions of our noblest and wealthiest houses,

who are able to give the time and money necessary for the thorough

prosecution of this noble and valuable Art. Even to me, a

Mathematician of no mean standing, and the Grandfather of two most

hopeful and perfectly regular Hexagons, to find myself in the midst of

a crowd of rotating Polygons of the higher classes, is occasionally

very perplexing. And of course to a common Tradesman, or Serf, such a

sight is almost as unintelligible as it would be to you, my Reader,

were you suddenly transported to my country.



In such a crowd you could see on all sides of you nothing but a Line,

apparently straight, but of which the parts would vary irregularly and

perpetually in brightness or dimness. Even if you had completed your

third year in the Pentagonal and Hexagonal classes in the University,

and were perfect in the theory of the subject, you would still find

there was need of many years of experience, before you could move in a

fashionable crowd without jostling against your betters, whom it is

against etiquette to ask to "feel," and who, by their superior culture

and breeding, know all about your movements, while you know very little

or nothing about theirs. In a word, to comport oneself with perfect

propriety in Polygonal society, one ought to be a Polygon oneself.

Such at least is the painful teaching of my experience.



It is astonishing how much the Art--or I may almost call it

instinct--of Sight Recognition is developed by the habitual practice of

it and by the avoidance of the custom of "Feeling." Just as, with you,

the deaf and dumb, if once allowed to gesticulate and to use the

hand-alphabet, will never acquire the more difficult but far more

valuable art of lip-speech and lip-reading, so it is with us as regards

"Seeing" and "Feeling." None who in early life resort to "Feeling" will

ever learn "Seeing" in perfection.



For this reason, among our Higher Classes, "Feeling" is discouraged or

absolutely forbidden. From the cradle their children, instead of going

to the Public Elementary schools (where the art of Feeling is taught,)

are sent to higher Seminaries of an exclusive character; and at our

illustrious University, to "feel" is regarded as a most serious fault,

involving Rustication for the first offence, and Expulsion for the

second.



But among the lower classes the art of Sight Recognition is regarded as

an unattainable luxury. A common Tradesman cannot afford to let his

son spend a third of his life in abstract studies. The children of the

poor are therefore allowed to "feel" from their earliest years, and

they gain thereby a precocity and an early vivacity which contrast at

first most favourably with the inert, undeveloped, and listless

behaviour of the half-instructed youths of the Polygonal class; but

when the latter have at last completed their University course, and are

prepared to put their theory into practice, the change that comes over

them may almost be described as a new birth, and in every art, science,

and social pursuit they rapidly overtake and distance their Triangular

competitors.



Only a few of the Polygonal Class fail to pass the Final Test or

Leaving Examination at the University. The condition of the

unsuccessful minority is truly pitiable. Rejected from the higher

class, they are also despised by the lower. They have neither the

matured and systematically trained powers of the Polygonal Bachelors

and Masters of Arts, nor yet the native precocity and mercurial

versatility of the youthful Tradesman. The professions, the public

services, are closed against them, and though in most States they are

not actually debarred from marriage, yet they have the greatest

difficulty in forming suitable alliances, as experience shews that the

offspring of such unfortunate and ill-endowed parents is generally

itself unfortunate, if not positively Irregular.



It is from these specimens of the refuse of our Nobility that the great

Tumults and Seditions of past ages have generally derived their

leaders; and so great is the mischief thence arising that an increasing

minority of our more progressive Statesmen are of opinion that true

mercy would dictate their entire suppression, by enacting that all who

fail to pass the Final Examination of the University should be either

imprisoned for life, or extinguished by a painless death.



But I find myself digressing into the subject of Irregularities, a

matter of such vital interest that it demands a separate section.