What Happened Upon Our Return Home

: To Mars Via The Moon

ADDENDUM



(Written by John Yiewsley Claxton, Esq., of Norbury, in the County

Borough of Croydon, Surrey)





In accordance with the desire of my old friend, Wilfrid Poynders, I am

now about to publish the book which was handed to me by Merna on the

morning of our departure from Mars.



I knew that my dear old friend's thoughts and aspirations ever soared

towards the skies; but, as his last testament shows, his sympathies

embraced all humanity, and I am somewhat reluctant to add anything which

must necessarily bring the subject down to a lower plane.



As a narrative of his own personal experiences in connection with our

trip to Mars, the Professor's work is quite complete; still I thought

his readers would wish to know how it fared with his colleagues after

they left Mars, and have accordingly appended a few pages furnishing

this information.



I am quite convinced that, in deciding to remain behind on the planet,

the Professor, as M'Allister remarked, "did the right thing"; but after

the many years we have spent together in the closest and truest

friendship, I miss him-ah, more than I can say.



It was really a tremendous wrench, that parting with my two old

friends, the Professor and Merna, and leaving them behind on Mars,

although I fully appreciated the Professor's desire to end his days with

his dear son, to whom he had been so strangely reunited.



We started that morning directly after our farewell, and found a large

concourse of people assembled, who had come from all parts of the planet

to see us off.



Soranho and many other high officers of state whom we knew were present,

and, of course, the Professor, Merna, Eleeta, and Siloni, as well as

many others whom we had come to regard as personal friends; and they did

not allow us to depart empty-handed.



Merna handed me the packet which the Professor had referred to. We had

no formal farewell with the Professor-that was all over; but he came

forward at the last moment, and we parted from him with a loving

hand-clasp.



After a most affectionate leave-taking with our other friends, with whom

I took good care to include Siloni, we boarded the Areonal. M'Allister

at once took charge of the machinery, switched on the power, and we

immediately rose into the air, amidst shouts of farewell and repeated

good wishes from the assembled multitude.



We rose rapidly; but, so long as we kept in view of the place, we could

see the people still waving their adieus to us, and I frequently

responded to their signals.



At last, when these lovable and hospitable Martians were lost to sight,

I went into the Areonal, closing and bolting the outer door, which was

never again to be opened until we reached our destination-our home in

old England.



I have no doubt that, long after we lost sight of them, many of the

Martians kept the Areonal in view with their telescopes, and followed

its course far into space.



I then directed M'Allister to set our course for our own world; and when

he had done so, he looked up at me and said, "Heh, mon, yon Martians are

rare good folk, and I'm right sorry to leave them!"



"Yes, so am I, M'Allister," I answered. He again looked at me keenly,

with a queer smile on his face; and remarked, "Mon, I'm thinking you are

that, and that you have left something behind you!"



I knew he meant that I had left my heart behind me, for I was thinking

the very same thing; but I turned away from him with a sigh, without

answering. The matter was not one about which I cared to speak just

then, for I felt very sad and heartsore.



Our journey passed off without any exciting incidents, everything on the

Areonal working most satisfactorily. On the 4th February, 1910, we

passed within forty-one million miles of the sun, and the heat at this

stage of our journey was terrific, but we had a magnificent view of the

sunspots, the corona, and other solar surroundings. In spite of all

precautions for counteracting the tremendous pull of the sun, we were

drawn considerably out of our direct course, so the journey occupied

three days longer than we had anticipated. A large proportion of our

time was spent in the air-chamber, in order to prepare us for breathing

the atmosphere of our native world.



We passed across the orbit of Venus on two occasions, and had a near

view of this splendid planet (and also of Mercury), for many days; but

apart from its larger apparent size and intense brilliancy, we did not

see anything more than we could from the earth with a good telescope.

The dense atmosphere and its glowing light prevented us from seeing any

definite details upon its surface.



Only three days late, we arrived at our home at Norbury on Monday the

21st March 1910, about an hour before daylight. We descended quite

unobserved, and having stowed away our good ship Areonal in its shed

and made all secure, we astonished Mrs. Challen by walking into the

house very soon after she had risen.



She seemed truly delighted to see us back again after our long and

unprecedented voyage through space, and as soon as our greetings were

over she asked, "Where is Mr. Poynders?"



I said we would tell her all the news whilst we had breakfast, so she

bustled about and got the meal ready very quickly. When we sat down she

listened with intense interest to our long story, expressing great

astonishment when I told her about our discovery of Merna upon Mars. I

had tried to keep her from asking about Mr. Poynders, but at length she

questioned me so directly that I was compelled to answer, though I

dreaded the effect the news would have upon her.



So, as gently as I could, I explained that Mr. Poynders, having found

his son a native of Mars, could not risk bringing him to such a climate

as ours, and, as he was unable to leave him, had decided to remain on

Mars.



Poor Mrs. Challen was so upset upon learning this that she threw up her

hands, exclaiming, "Then I shall never see my dear old master again!"

and putting her handkerchief to her streaming eyes, she hastened out of

the room to conceal her emotion.



I felt very sorry for her, as I knew she had a great respect and liking

for Mr. Poynders, with whom she had been so many years.



During the day I called upon the Professor's solicitors, in accordance

with his instructions, and handed them the letter he had entrusted to

me. They read it with many exclamations of surprise, for the news it

contained was enough to startle even staid lawyers out of their

equanimity.



One of them rang a bell, which was answered by the managing clerk, who

was requested to bring in the sealed packet of papers left by Mr.

Poynders before he went away. This was quickly brought, and, when

opened, found to contain documents settling an annuity of L150 per annum

upon Mrs. Challen, a deed of gift of the sum of L200 to M'Allister, and

another deed settling all the residue of his estate upon his old friend

John Yiewsley Claxton.



There was also a will to the same effect, in case he might die before

the papers were claimed; everything being properly signed and in due

order.



The solicitors both shook hands with me, congratulating me on this

substantial addition to my estate; but I told them I already possessed

sufficient for my wants, and would greatly prefer that Mr. Poynders

should be here to enjoy his own.



I gave them some particulars of our adventures, and we had quite a long

chat; then, taking a cordial leave of them, I returned to Norbury.



I at once acquainted Mrs. Challen with her good fortune, but she was

not to be comforted, saying she would very much rather have her old

master back again; and, as this was exactly my own feeling in the

matter, I expressed agreement with her.



However, she calmed down after a while, and I then asked her to consider

what she would desire to do in the future. If she liked to remain in the

house and look after my welfare, I should be very glad to have her as my

own housekeeper; but said it was entirely for her to decide the matter,

and she could take her own time to do so.



She replied that she had neither relatives nor friends to trouble about,

so there was no need to take any time over it, for she would only be too

pleased to retain her old position, and would do her best to make me

comfortable. I assured her that I had no doubt whatever upon that point;

thus it was all settled there and then, and she has remained with me

ever since.



My aunt was long since dead, but my two cousins, James and Timothy

Snayleye, lived in London: so I thought I would go over to apprise them

of my return home. They, however, received me so very coldly that,

beyond saying I had been to Mars and back again, and giving a few

details of what we had seen there, I did not tell them very much.



They asked a few questions now and then, but evinced very little

interest in my affairs, though I noticed them frequently exchanging nods

and winks with each other. I soon left, but after such a reception, was

rather surprised when James Snayleye walked into my house the next day

and asked to be allowed to call in a day or two and bring with him a

couple of friends who were interested in Mars, and would like to hear

anything I could tell them. I did not altogether care about discussing

my adventures with entire strangers, but, as he was so very pressing, in

the end I agreed to see them.



When they arrived I was greatly surprised to find that, instead of being

persons of about the same age as my cousin, both were elderly men. One

was introduced to me as Mr. Josias Googery, a Justice of the Peace, and

the other as Dr. Loonem.



We had no sooner sat down than the doctor started the conversation by

asking, in an unctuous tone of voice, several questions about my

trip-"Whether, ah, it was really true that I had, ah, travelled all the

way to Mars and back again in, ah, a vessel of our own construction?"



All the time he was speaking he was performing the operation known as

"washing the hands with invisible soap," a trick which always has an

irritating effect upon my nerves.



In answer to his question I said, "It was quite true that I had been to

Mars," and mentioned a few particulars of our trip.



Mr. Googery then put a few questions to me, and, as I replied, he

interjected after almost every sentence that I spoke, "Ah! h'm, yes,

just so," James Snayleye sitting by all the time with a sneering grin

upon his face which I found very aggravating.



When I had told them as much as I thought necessary, they both started

cross-examining me in such an impertinent and sceptical manner that at

length I became extremely irritated, and declined to answer any more

questions. Whereupon Dr. Loonem proceeded to wash his hands again,

saying in an oily manner, as though addressing a child, "Pray, ah, don't

excite yourself, my dear sir; don't, ah, excite yourself! You know, ah,

it's not good for you!"



This was too much for flesh and blood to bear, so I rose and said that

as I had an important engagement to attend to, I could not spare any

more time that day, at the same time ringing the bell for Mrs. Challen

to show them out.



She did so, and returned in a state of indignation, saying, she did not

like those people at all, they were so rude; and that as they were

passing through the doorway she heard the doctor say, "It's a clear case

enough; did you notice the gleam in his eyes? that alone is sufficient

to settle it!" To this Mr. Googery had replied, "Ah, h'm, yes, just so!"



"Well, Mrs. Challen," I said, "please understand that if either of those

people calls again, I am not at home."



"Certainly, sir," she answered with great alacrity, as she went out of

the room.



It was no mere excuse, but perfectly correct, when I told those people I

had an important engagement to attend to. An old friend of mine, Sir

Lockesley Halley, was President of the Dedlingtonian Astronomical

Society, and, after hearing my account of Mars, said he would be very

glad if I could attend the meeting of his Society on the following

evening and give a short address on the subject.



I was rather averse from this, as the Society was not a large one,

though it had several clever men in it, and I knew that the

professionals who controlled it, and also the majority of the members,

prided themselves on being exponents of what they termed "sane and

unsensational astronomy"; which in some cases amounted to saying that

they were a long way behind the times.



It is an interesting fact that we owe a large proportion of our

knowledge of planetary detail to the work of enthusiastic amateur

observers. In this Society, indeed, nearly all the best observational

work was done by the non-professional class; and when, as the result of

their systematic and painstaking work, they noted on their planetary

drawings some lines or markings which had not previously been recorded,

one would have thought their original work would have been commended. It

was, however, not unusual in such cases for a professional to rise and

calmly declare that the new markings were only illusions, such as he had

often predicted would be claimed as discoveries.



Thus the amateurs were kept in their proper places; but the

professionals did not always prove to be correct in their strictures and

pronouncements.



In these circumstances, I did not expect much credence to be given to

anything fresh that might be stated in my address, and therefore I

rather demurred to Sir Lockesley's proposal. He, however, made such a

personal matter of it that, as he was an extremely able man and a good

fellow, I at last consented to do as he wished.



M'Allister accompanied me to the meeting and sat among the audience.

After a few introductory remarks from Sir Lockesley, I gave my address,

which lasted about half-an-hour; but it was received even more

chillingly than I had anticipated, and the few comments made by the

members were nearly all indicative of scepticism of my statements and

unbelief in my bona fides. A scientific audience is usually rather

cold and unenthusiastic; but, in the present case, except for one or two

isolated hand-claps, the vote of thanks was allowed to pass sub

silentio. Sir Lockesley, of course, could not help this, and I saw that

he was much annoyed at my reception.



The meeting then split up into groups, lingering here and there to

discuss my statements as they moved toward the door; and M'Allister told

me that, as he stood near a group, he heard one man exclaim, "It's all

arrant nonsense! five minutes with my 12-1/16-inch reflector would

convince any sane man that there are no fine lines to be seen on Mars,

because none exist!" This brought a murmur of assent; then some one else

said, "Well, I certainly see some of the lines with my 7-1/2-inch, but

regard them as illusions"; and he also received some support.



Another man then spoke up, remarking, "My experience does not agree with

yours, gentlemen, for when I used a 6-inch refractor I could see some of

the lines, yet felt doubtful of their actuality; but since I have used a

12-inch reflector my opinion has entirely changed. The lines are visible

whenever the atmospheric conditions are favourable, and are seen with so

much certainty that I have long abandoned my doubts of their

representing real markings!" "Hear, hear!" said several, "and in a

clearer atmosphere you would see still more!"



This was the Martian controversy in a nut-shell: for so much depends

upon individual eyesight, instrumental power, and good atmospheric

conditions. Even the finest instruments fail when observational

conditions are unfavourable!



Many other people to whom I spoke about my trip to Mars exhibited the

same incredulity as those at the meeting. I showed two persons, whom I

thought would be open to conviction, some photographic views in their

natural colours, which I had brought home with me. One of them looked at

the pictures, then handed them to his friend, with the remark: "Clever

fakes, aren't they? you can do almost anything with the camera

nowadays!"



Similar opinions were either expressed or implied by others who saw

them, so now I keep all such things to myself.



Two days after the meeting Sir Lockesley called to have a chat with me,

and, whilst we were conversing, Mrs. Challen announced that two men

insisted upon seeing me, although she told them I was engaged.



"Well," I said, "show them into the next room and I will soon dispose of

them"; then asking Sir Lockesley to excuse me a few minutes, I passed

through the folding doors which separated the two rooms.



The men were perfect strangers to me, and clearly not of a class with

which I should care to make acquaintance.



"To what do I owe this visit?" I inquired, as I entered the room.



"Beg pardon, sir," said one of the men, "but we wished to see you on

urgent business, and ask you to come with us. There is a carriage at the

door!"



"But who are you, and where do you wish me to go?" I inquired.



He hummed and haa-ed, then said, "A friend desired to see me at once,

and it was only a short journey!"



"Well," I replied, "I am at present engaged with a gentleman, but I must

certainly decline to accompany you at all without further and definite

particulars as to why you wish me to do so."



Then the other man advanced, and said, "As you won't come quietly,

there's no help for it; so just look at these papers and you will see

you must come!"



He showed me several documents, and, on reading them, I was astounded to

find one was an order for my removal to a private lunatic asylum, the

papers being signed by Josias Googery, J.P., and Dr. Loonem; and others

contained statements of the evidences of my insanity, signed by my two

cousins.



Of course I was furious, and refused to go with them, whereupon they

rushed forward to seize hold of me. I shouted for Sir Lockesley to come

to my assistance, and he at once dashed into the room. The two men,

however, immediately warned him not to interfere, as they were acting in

a perfectly legal manner.



This he had to admit when the matter was fully explained to him; then he

urged me to accept the situation and go quietly, and he would take

immediate action to secure my release.



As it was clearly useless to resist a legalised process, I gave in, and

thus was I, a perfectly sane man, incarcerated in a lunatic asylum!

There I had to remain while Sir Lockesley saw my solicitors,

communicated with the Commissioners in Lunacy and others, and after much

correspondence and innumerable interviews, at last secured my release;

but not until I had endured more than a week's confinement in that

horrible place.



It was all a scheme concocted by my scapegrace cousins to have me

declared insane, and thus secure control of my fortune, they being my

only living relatives. But for Sir Lockesley's presence and influence

their precious plot might have proved quite successful.



I do not attach much blame to the magistrate and doctor, although they

might have exercised more care; but no doubt the Snayleyes had made such

suggestions to them that they were prepared to find insanity in anything

I did or said.



Mrs. Challen, who had been much affected and distressed at my being

carried off in this fashion, was delighted when at last I returned home

safe and sound after my release, and told her the trouble was all over.



M'Allister had intended going on to Glasgow during the previous week,

but had remained at home at Norbury to assist in securing my release;

doing yeoman's service in seeing various people and carrying messages.

When things had quite settled down again he went to Scotland and stayed

with his wife for three weeks.



Upon his return we discussed our future arrangements, and agreed to

become partners for the purpose of securing and working patents for

various machines which we had studied upon Mars; and this has proved a

lucrative business for us, besides supplying our engineers and

manufacturers with greatly improved machinery.



Ever since our return home we have eagerly read all the scientific news

concerning Mars that has been published, for we were anxious to learn

whether there had been any verification of the Professor's forecasts as

to what was likely to be seen from the earth at the opposition of Mars

in 1909. The result is very gratifying to us, not only as proving the

correctness of the Professor's pronouncements, but also as testifying to

the keen-sightedness of some of our astronomers and their carefulness

and accuracy as observers; though, of course, there are still

divergences of opinion as to the meaning of what has been seen.






MARS, AS SEEN THROUGH A 12-INCH TELESCOPE ON 16TH AUGUST, 1909



The south polar snow-cap is seen at the top, and as it is early June on

this part of Mars, the snow-cap has become small. The dark line across

it is a wide rift, the ice having commenced to break up at this part;

and the dark shading round it is water from the melting snow. The

circular light area near the centre is "Hellas," and the dark

wedge-shaped area is "Syrtis Major." The protuberance usually seen on

the eastern side of Syrtis Major has this year almost disappeared, and

but little detail is visible anywhere.]



For instance, M. Antoniadi, of Juvisy Observatory, near Paris, has

published a very interesting account of his own observations with the

fine Meudon refractor, which has an object glass 32.7 inches in

diameter; and he has also furnished several beautifully executed

drawings of what he has seen. The most noticeable new features observed

were two large detached pieces of the south polar snow-cap, the altered

shape of the Solis Lacus and other dark areas, numerous dark rounded

spots on the dark areas, much detail along the lines of the canals, and

the observation of scattered markings instead of lines.



M. Antoniadi lays great stress on the advantages of large telescopes;

and, whilst making frank admission that the drawings of Professor Lowell

show the outlines of the Martian details more accurately than the

drawings of any other observer, he dissents entirely from his views

respecting the actuality of the canal lines.



With regard to M. Antoniadi's observation of dark rounded spots, it has

been suggested by another writer that these are volcanoes, and,

moreover, that the canal lines are really cracks in the solid ice

covering frozen oceans and seas. These contentions involve the

supposition that Mars is still in the stage when volcanic action is

prevalent, and also that what have hitherto been supposed to be desert

lands are really fields of ice. Mars has passed far beyond the stage of

volcanic activity; and the theory does not account for the ochre colour

of the frozen oceans, which are exactly the same colour as our deserts

appear when viewed from a great distance, for the sandstorms so

frequently observed, nor for the general absence of any indications of

frost over a large portion of the Martian surface. It is also very

difficult to imagine the existence of a profuse growth of vegetation

along cracks in solid ice; and I am afraid this theory, like many

others, fails to fit in with the observed facts.



I may remind my readers that the Professor suggested that many more dark

rounded spots would, under favourable conditions, be discovered on the

dark areas of the planet, and he has stated what they are.



As a result of his recent observations, M. Antoniadi has boldly declared

that the supposed canal lines are really separate spots and markings

which, when seen with instruments of lesser power than the one he used,

appear to be lines, the network of canal lines being an illusion. He

contends that the markings he has seen are beyond the power of Professor

Lowell's telescope to resolve, and that what he has seen forms an

unanswerable objection to the canal theory and stops all discussion!



This argument has, however, been fully met in this book by anticipation;

and, as will be seen later on, Professor Lowell completely refutes it

and shows that M. Antoniadi is mistaken. It has also been pointed out

that, if we could secure perfect seeing, the lines might really appear

as separate markings, and that apparent breaks and irregularities are

exactly what we might expect to find in connection with canals. I gather

from a recent remark made by Professor Lowell that he also holds this

view.



Moreover, a discreet silence is observed with regard to the progress of

vegetation on Mars being from the poles towards the equator, instead of

from the equator towards the poles, as is the case on our earth.



This mode of progression can only be accounted for by the flow of water

from the poles, and such flow extending beyond the equator involves the

artificial propulsion of the water, as the flow is contrary to

gravitation.



Professor Lowell's statements as to this peculiar growth of the

vegetation do not depend upon the results of a few casual observations,

for he has given the matter most systematic and prolonged attention, and

noted upon hundreds of charts the dates when the vegetation has first

appeared in various places and latitudes after the passage of the water

down the canals.



This is such a hard nut for the opponents of the canal theory to crack,

that I am quite prepared to learn that all these careful observations

are merely illusions.



Professor Hale, of Mount Wilson Observatory, in California, has taken

some photographs of Mars which do not show any canal lines; and these

have been eagerly seized upon as another proof that the canals have no

existence.



Unfortunately, these photographs do not show many well authenticated

details which are seen with comparative ease, nor the new details seen

by M. Antoniadi. It is, therefore, no matter of wonder that they do not

show the much fainter canal lines. If the absence of the canal lines

from the photographs is proof that the canals do not exist, then the

photographs must still more emphatically prove that these much more

conspicuous details-which have been seen and drawn by M. Antoniadi and

scores of other observers-are also illusions and have no objective

existence. Those who seek the support of these photographs for their

views must be left to extricate themselves as best they can from the

dilemma in which they are now placed in regard to the observations and

drawings of those highly skilled observers.



The photographs were taken with a sixty-inch telescope, and possibly

this very large aperture was not stopped down sufficiently to secure on

the photographic plates such very fine detail as the canal lines; on the

other hand, the atmospheric conditions at the moments of exposure of the

plates may have been unfavourable for good definition. However good the

photographs may be, the deductions drawn from them are erroneous.



Against such purely negative evidence-which never affords good ground

for argument-we must set the positive evidence of Professor Lowell's

numerous photographs, which do show many of the canal lines and also

confirm the drawings of observers.



Professor Schiaparelli, who has been appealed to on the subject, still

maintains the objectivity of the canal lines which he was the first to

discover, and repudiates the suggestion that the new photographs supply

any evidence against them. He remarks that during the last thirty years

many other astronomers, using more perfect telescopes than his, have

observed and drawn these canal lines, and have taken photographs which

reproduce an identical disposition of the lines. He adds that a

collective illusion on the part of so many astronomers is impossible,

and that the photographs which do show the canals cannot be illusions.



Professor Lowell controverts M. Antoniadi's claim to have proved that

the lines are non-existent, and that the only markings are small

separate shadings which are illusively seen as lines. He points out that

what M. Antoniadi has seen is exactly what would be seen when using a

very large telescope, and that it indicates poor seeing instead of good

definition. He remarks that when using such large instruments, which are

so much more affected by atmospheric conditions than smaller ones, the

diffraction rings round a star (which should appear as complete

concentric circles) begin to waver, then break up into fragments-a sort

of mosaic-and finally end in an indiscriminate assemblance of points.

In certain kinds of bad seeing the parts may seem quite steady, but the

fact that the mosaic exists is proof positive of poor seeing. What

happens to the rings in such circumstances must also happen to fine

lines! the mosaic effect seen by M. Antoniadi is therefore "the exact

theoretic effect that a large aperture should produce on continuous

lines, such as the canals, and always does produce in the case of the

rings in the image of a star!"



It has been stated that Professor Lowell had admitted the illusory

nature of the canal lines. His reply, however, is emphatic: "I have

never made any retractation as to the reality and geometricism of the

canals; they are marvellous beyond conception, and are only doubted by

those who never observed the planet itself sufficiently well."



Seeing an announcement that Professor Lowell had arrived in England for

the purpose of lecturing on "Planetary Photography" at the Royal

Institution of Great Britain, M'Allister and I made up our minds to be

present at the lecture, a resolution which, I am glad to say, we carried

into effect.



In the course of his lecture Professor Lowell gave an account of the

methods of planetary photography initiated and carried on with such

success at the Lowell Observatory; and then proceeded to give some

interesting particulars of his observations of Mars at the opposition of

1909, which resulted in one of the most important discoveries ever

recorded in connection with that planet.



He stated that on the 30th September, 1909, when the region of the

desert to the east of Syrtis Major came into view, after its periodic

six weeks' invisibility due to the unequal length of the days of the

earth and Mars, some long new canals were plainly observed which had not

been visible when the region was previously in view. A long and careful

investigation of fifteen years' records proved absolutely that not only

had these canals never been seen before, but that they could not have

existed. They are on a region which is frequently very favourably

situated for observation, and could not possibly have been overlooked,

for they are now the most conspicuous objects on that part of the

planet. It is beyond question that they are not only new to us but new

to Mars!



The two main canals run in a south-easterly direction from Syrtis Major,

and with them are associated two smaller ones and at least two new

oases; while, from their inter-connection, they are all clearly parts of

one and the same addition to the general canal system; for they now fit

in with the system as though they had always formed part of it. These

new canals were not only seen and drawn, but several photographs were

taken at different times.



Consider what this great discovery really means! In a region which has

never been anything but a desert during the whole period over which our

observational knowledge of Mars has extended, there are now strips of

land many hundreds of miles in length and miles wide that have become

fertile almost under our very eyes; and this result has been brought

about by the passage through them of water which has artificially been

carried there for the purpose of irrigation! We know this is so, for

what we see is the growth of vegetation; and the systematic way in which

the new canals have been fitted into the existing canal scheme proves

the artificiality of the whole system.



Some sensational statements in the Press have fostered in many minds the

idea that all these hundreds of miles of new canals were constructed

within the very short period of six weeks! This is altogether wrong. It

is the vegetation that has grown in six weeks, in consequence of the

turning on of the water to the irrigation works. We have good scientific

reasons for believing that irrigation works on Mars could be

accomplished much quicker than on the earth; but, as the telescope does

not enable us to see the works, we do not know how long they may have

taken to construct. It may have been months, or years. We only see the

results of the works when actually in operation.



When we consider these works and their results, surely it becomes

impossible to resist the evidence of intelligent design which they

furnish; while if we also remember the very recent development of these

canals, the existence of life upon Mars at the present time seems to be

demonstrated beyond the possibility of reasonable doubt! In what

physical form that life is enshrined even our science must fail to

reveal. Professor Lowell, however, pointed out that the inhabitants of

Mars are not necessarily human beings, but their work clearly proves

that they are beings endowed with a very high degree of intelligence. A

study of the canal system reveals a marvellous conception marvellously

carried into effect.



Observers at Flagstaff have, therefore, practically seen the completion

of a work which is the creation of intelligent beings on Mars; and in

the remarkable photographs shown we were, so to speak, able to look upon

the results of that work-fertility in a region which had previously

been an arid desert.



The water, as the lecturer remarked, was probably not in all cases

conveyed by means of canals dug out of the soil, but we know that in

some way-whether by canals, or by trunk lines of pipes and smaller

subsidiary pipes, or otherwise-the land has been artificially irrigated

and fertilised by water, which could not possibly have taken the course

it has without being intelligently directed. Tunnelling would be easy on

Mars.



Professor Lowell spoke of these matters in well-weighed and well-chosen

phrases, which carried conviction of his earnestness and sincerity to

the minds of his hearers; and we observed that the audience was

evidently profoundly impressed by the importance of his statements. This

fact seemed to us very significant, as he was addressing one of the most

brilliant assemblies-representing many branches of science-ever

gathered within the walls of the Royal Institution. The numerous

photographs showing the Martian canal lines were projected on to the

screen by a lantern, and thus their convincing evidence was clearly

brought before the whole of that vast audience.



Another very interesting series of photographs showed the coming and

going of the first frost of the season in the antarctic regions of Mars.

This frost was first observed and photographed at Flagstaff on the 16th

November, 1909, and other photographs were taken on the 22nd of that

month.



In connection with these, Professor Lowell quaintly remarked that, "To

chronicle thus the very weather on our neighbour will convince any one

that interplanetary communication has already commenced; and that, too,

after the usual conventional manner by mundane greetings."



Referring to the photographs, it was pointed out that the human eye can

see at least ten times as much as a photograph can show as regards

planetary detail. This, though not generally known, is perfectly true,

and it may be explained thus: We know that in terrestrial photography

the camera will reveal many details which the eye is apt to overlook;

and, by very long exposures, even celestial photography will give a

similar result. In planetary photography, however, exposures must be

very short, and the picture obtained is so very tiny that it cannot show

all that the eye could see. Under good conditions, therefore, the eye at

the telescope will always see immensely more of the finer details on a

planet than any camera could show.





The great value of the photographs of Mars lies in the fact that they

demonstrate beyond the possibility of doubt the existence of certain

fine markings which many observers have seen and drawn, but as to the

reality of which others, less skilled or less favourably situated, have

been extremely sceptical. If the fine lines had no existence on the

planet they could not be photographed.



In drawing attention to the details on these photographs Professor

Lowell emphatically declared that, "The lines you see are

'certainties,' not matters admitting of the slightest question, for

all their strange regularity. Not only I, but all my assistants, have

seen them thousands of times the same, and sometimes with all the

clearness and sharpness of etchings or steel engravings.



"An optical mistake," he then remarked, "which has latterly been hailed

as showing that the lines were not lines but a series of dots, was made

the other day in France. The observer saw perfectly correctly, but one

with knowledge of the optics of a telescope should have known that the

effect observed was the inevitable result of using an aperture which the

seeing did not warrant; as he could easily have assured himself by

looking at the shattered rings round the synchronous image of a star."



It may here be pointed out that these weighty and well-considered

declarations-which are a complete answer to M. Antoniadi's bold

claim-were made by the most experienced observer of Mars, who, as even

his opponents admit, possesses the finest site in the world for his

astronomical work, and is equipped with a very perfect instrument.



Besides the splendid photographs of Mars, many views of Jupiter and

Saturn were shown, exhibiting clearly numerous fine details, markings,

and wisps as to which much doubt had been expressed when some observers

had shown them on their drawings. These beautiful and convincing results

of the clever and original methods of planetary photography adopted at

Flagstaff appeared to come as a complete revelation to the majority of

those present, notwithstanding their scientific experience.



Probably never before had anything so wonderful as these results of

skill, patience, and prolonged research been exhibited, even in that

great and historic home of science. As Professor Lowell remarked in a

fine peroration: "They exhibited something of the advance recently

achieved in our knowledge of solar science; on the other hand, they

constituted in themselves the beginning of a set of records in which the

future of the planet might be confronted with its achieved past, and

which should endure after those who first conceived such registry had

long passed away.... They were histories of the planets written by

themselves-their autobiographies penned by light; and in their grand

historical portrait-gallery astronomers yet to come might see the

earlier stages of the great cosmic drama which was slowly but surely

working itself out!"



At the conclusion of this most interesting lecture M'Allister turned to

me and said, "How I wish our old friend the Professor could have been

here to-night; he would have keenly appreciated what we have heard."



"Yes, he would indeed," I answered; "but remember, he knows more now

than any one we see here could tell him about Martian matters!"



Before concluding, it may be of interest to state that Professor Lowell

still maintains the accuracy of the discovery made at Flagstaff that the

existence of water vapour on Mars is demonstrated by the photographic

spectrum of the Martian atmosphere; and he asserts that the attempt to

disprove it has failed. A further discovery has since been made at the

same observatory, viz. that oxygen also is present in the atmosphere of

Mars!



During the observations in 1909 several observers noted that, at times,

very large areas on the surface of Mars had been so obscured by a

yellowish veiling that all details were entirely blotted out. The

announcement of this fact gave rise to sensational statements that a

terrible catastrophe had occurred on the planet. The explanation is,

however, very simple-seasonal mists arising from the canals, with the

addition of clouds of sand particles in the upper air, as the result of

desert sandstorms, caused a temporary obscuration of certain parts of

the planet as viewed from the earth. Only this, and nothing more!



We have been interested to note that an English observer, the Rev.

Theodore E.R. Phillips, has observed some new details on Mars in the

region where the new canals were discovered. Mr. Phillips has in past

years given considerable attention to this region, and observed several

changes in the Lacus Moeris, to the east of Syrtis Major. The lake

disappeared altogether for some considerable time, then reappeared. Last

September he saw it again, and it was evident some further changes had

occurred; and he also saw some dusky shadings on the adjacent desert of

Lybia. There seems little doubt but that he actually saw, though

imperfectly, the new canals which Professor Lowell's much clearer

atmosphere and larger instrument enabled him to see clearly.



From what has been related in the last few pages it will be seen that

many of the forecasts, as set forth in this book by our old friend the

Professor, and his statements as to the Martians being actively engaged

in altering, extending, and developing their canal system, have been

amply verified by the observations of our astronomers; and I am

confident that his other prognostications will also be fulfilled in

course of time.



Turning now from scientific matters to others affecting ourselves

personally, I may say that I have heard nothing more of my cousins the

Snayleyes; and, after the failure of their mean attempt upon my liberty

and fortune, it is not likely that I shall again be troubled by them,

for they will naturally take good care to keep out of my way.



As the days and weeks pass by I often think of those we left behind upon

that far distant world: wondering how they are faring, and whether they

have attempted to transmit any influences or communications to us, for

up to the present we have not been conscious of any such influences.



Kenneth M'Allister is a thoroughly happy man, as he is working for his

own benefit, congenially and fully occupied with matters connected with

his beloved machinery. He is on the high road to making a very large

fortune; indeed, we are both doing remarkably well, and are, therefore,

able to give financial aid to many projects in which we are interested,

having for their objects the uplifting of the people, and the

improvement of social conditions generally. It was only yesterday that

M'Allister remarked to me, "Heh, mon, if we continue to go ahead at the

same rate as we are going now, we shall both be millionaires before very

long!"



Yes, we are doing well-there is no doubt about that; but,

notwithstanding my present very satisfactory circumstances and the

certainty of a brilliant future if I stay here, ideas have long and

persistently been running in my mind that it would be far better for me

to go back to Mars, and-by Jove! strange indeed that I never thought of

it before!-perhaps those very persistent ideas are actually the outcome

of Martian influences!!



The wonderful music I heard upon Mars still rings in my ears; and, at

times, so thrilling and peculiar is its effect upon me, that I feel as

though I were being almost irresistibly impelled to return to that

planet. Well, I should very much like to see the dear old Professor and

Merna again, and also my many Martian friends. Then there's Siloni, whom

I can never forget, for mentally her image is ever before me. What a

nice girl she was! If I were to return to Mars, I wonder whether--?





Printed by BALLANTYNE, HANSON & CO Edinburgh & London





FOOTNOTES:



[1] The exact diameters of the planets are difficult to measure owing to

irradiation, and estimates of various authorities differ, especially

with regard to the more distant planets.



[2] Most probably the larger planets possess satellites which have yet

to be discovered.



[3] It is not yet ascertained with certainty whether Mercury and Venus

rotate in about twenty-four hours, or whether the period is the same as

that of their revolution round the sun. The evidence seems to point to

the latter period.



[4] The "terminator" is the boundary between the lighted and the dark

portion of the disc.



[5] Those who have seen the undercliff in the Isle of Wight will be able

to form some idea of the terraces of the lunar ring-mountains, as they

are very similar formations.



[6] This is the case as regards separate satellites; but it may be

pointed out that a similar thing must occur in regard to the rings of

Saturn. The rings are composed of swarms of satellites so small that

they can only be termed particles, and these particles at the inner edge

of the "crape ring" revolve round Saturn in 5 hours and 33 minutes, the

inner edge of the ring being only about 47,000 miles from the centre of

the planet. The planet itself revolves on its axis in 10-1/4 hours.

Thus, an immense number of these minute satellites must revolve round

the planet in less time than it takes the planet to make one rotation.

It is calculated that the particles in the outer edge of the next ring

complete one revolution round the planet in 14 hours and 28 seconds.